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قوايد ساختار هاي رزونانسي

1. Resonance structures should have the same number of electrons, do not add or subtract any electrons. (You can check the number of electrons by counting them)
2. All resonance structures must follow the rules of writing Lewis Structures.
3. The Hybridization of the structure must stay the same.
4. The skeleton of the structure can not be changed (only the electrons move).
5. Resonance structures must also have the same amount of lone pairs.

Even though the structures look the same, the formal charge (FC) may not be. Formal charges are charges that are assigned to a specific atom in a molecule. If computed correctly, the overall formal charge of the molecule should be the same as the oxidation charge of the molecule (the charge when you write out the empirical and molecular formula) We want to choose the resonance structure with the least formal charges that add up to zero or the charge of the overall molecule.

The equation for finding Formal Charge is:

Formal Charge = (number of valence electrons in free orbital) - (number of lone-pair electrons) - ( number bond pair electrons)

The formal charge have to equal the molecule's overall charge.

CNS

Formal Charge = (number of valence electrons in free orbital) - (number of lone-pair electrons) - ( number bond pair electrons)

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